From e8c7d99150c942b443e827f740d539661208fb4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: xianliticn Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 21:19:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?Update=20=E6=96=87=E7=AB=A0=20=E2=80=9C?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=BF=E7=94=A8=E5=BD=92=E7=BA=B3=E6=B3=95=E8=AF=81=E6=98=8E?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BA=8C=E9=A1=B9=E5=BC=8F=E5=AE=9A=E7=90=86=E2=80=9D?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../使用归纳法证明二项式定理.md | 42 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/blog/使用归纳法证明二项式定理.md b/content/blog/使用归纳法证明二项式定理.md index 3b962b0..f6e2b1f 100644 --- a/content/blog/使用归纳法证明二项式定理.md +++ b/content/blog/使用归纳法证明二项式定理.md @@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ $$ 试图使左右两边相等,需要使得左边分母为$k!(n+1-k)!$,所以通分得: $$ -\begin{aligned} +\begin{align} & \frac{n!}{(k-1)!(n-k+1)!} + \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} \\\\ -&= \frac{n!k}{k!(n-k+1)!} + \frac{n!(n-k+1)}{k!(n-k+1)!} \\ -&= \frac{n!k+n!(n-k+1)}{k!(n-k+1)!} \\ -&= \frac{n!(n+1)}{k!(n-k+1)!} \\ -&= \frac{(n+1)!}{k!(n+1-k)!} \\ -&= \binom{n+1}{k}. \blacksquare -\end{aligned} +&= \frac{n!k}{k!(n-k+1)!} + \frac{n!(n-k+1)}{k!(n-k+1)!} \\\\ +&= \frac{n!k+n!(n-k+1)}{k!(n-k+1)!} \\\\ +&= \frac{n!(n+1)}{k!(n-k+1)!} \\\\ +&= \frac{(n+1)!}{k!(n+1-k)!} \\\\ +&= \binom{n+1}{k}. \tag*{$\blacksquare$} +\end{align} $$ 随后证明二项式定理 @@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ $$(a+b)^0 = 1 = \sum_{k=0}^{0}\binom{0}{k}a^{0-k}b^k = a^0b^0.$$ $$ \begin{aligned} -& (a+b)^{n+1} \\ -&= (a+b)(a+b)^n \\ -&= (a+b) \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^k \\ -&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} (a^{n+1-k}b^k + a^{n-k}b^{k+1}) \\ -&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^{k+1} \\ -&= a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^{k+1} \\ -&= a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k-1} a^{n-(k-1)}b^{(k-1)+1}. \\ +& (a+b)^{n+1} \\\\ +&= (a+b)(a+b)^n \\\\ +&= (a+b) \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^k \\\\ +&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} (a^{n+1-k}b^k + a^{n-k}b^{k+1}) \\\\ +&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^{k+1} \\\\ +&= a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^{k+1} \\\\ +&= a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k-1} a^{n-(k-1)}b^{(k-1)+1}. \\\\ \end{aligned} $$ @@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ $$ $$ \begin{aligned} -& a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k-1} a^{n-(k-1)}b^{(k-1)+1}. \\ -&= a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k-1} a^{n+1-k}b^{k}. \\ +& a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k-1} a^{n-(k-1)}b^{(k-1)+1}. \\\\ +&= a^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^k + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n}{k-1} a^{n+1-k}b^{k}. \\\\ &= a^{n+1} + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \left[ \binom{n}{k} + \binom{n}{k-1} \right] a^{n+1-k}b^{k} . \end{aligned} $$ @@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ $$ $$ \begin{aligned} -& a^{n+1} + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \left[ \binom{n}{k} + \binom{n}{k-1} \right] a^{n+1-k}b^{k} \\ -&= a^{n+1} + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n+1}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^{k} \\ +& a^{n+1} + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \left[ \binom{n}{k} + \binom{n}{k-1} \right] a^{n+1-k}b^{k} \\\\ +&= a^{n+1} + b^{n+1} + \sum_{k=1}^{n} \binom{n+1}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^{k} \\\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^{n+1} \binom{n+1}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^{k}. \end{aligned} $$ @@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ $$ 所以, $$ -\begin{aligned} -(a+b)^{n+1} = \sum_{k=0}^{n+1} \binom{n+1}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^{k}. \blacksquare -\end{aligned} +\begin{align} +(a+b)^{n+1} = \sum_{k=0}^{n+1} \binom{n+1}{k} a^{n+1-k}b^{k}. \tag*{$\blacksquare$} +\end{align} $$ 虽然在这里写得洋洋洒洒,但是说实话,在下天资愚钝,第一次见到这个证明,还是没那么容易理解的. 而且很有可能,现在证得出来,将来某天就会忘掉. 所以数学的学习是一个不断积累的过程,现在吃下的每一口,将来都会成长为构成身体的肌肉和骨骼.